Chess

The Candidates tournament has been won by Vishy Anand who adopted the safety-first policy of winning two of his first three games and then drawing most of the rest. By avoiding defeat, Anand more or less coasted to victory, since all of his rivals slipped up on various occasions. Anand, at the age of 44, was the only player in his forties; the next oldest player, Topalov, is five years his junior. It is remarkable that Anand was able to dominate a field which included a former world champion and so many up and coming talents. He is now set for a revenge match against Magnus Carlsen towards the end of this year.   This week, a final selection of critical moments from this important event.

This week I focus on a number of key positions from the World Championship qualifier, the Candidates tournament, which concluded at the beginning of this week in Khanty-Mansisk in Siberia. The Candidates was a remarkable event, with two former world champions, Viswanathan Anand (the ultimate winner) and Vladimir Kramnik, competing, along with a former Fidé (World Chess Federation) champion, Veselin Topalov, the current world no. 2, Lev Aronian, and the seven-times Russian champion Peter Svidler.   On an open board in the endgame, a bishop will usually outperform a knight. Here Anand gives a textbook example.

As the World Championship qualifier (aka Candidates tournament) approaches its final rounds in Khanty-Mansisk, it is worth emphasising the Everest which the eventual challenger will have to climb when facing the new world champion, Magnus Carlsen. A new book by the international master Colin Crouch (Magnus Force, Everyman Chess) enters in great detail into Carlsen’s most prominent games against the world’s elite in the run-up to last year’s World Championship match. This week’s game, played after the book was written, shows Carlsen demolishing a Brazilian grandmaster with astonishing ease in the champion’s recent trip to the host nation for this year’s football World Cup.

The Oxford v. Cambridge Varsity Match held at the Royal Automobile Club two weeks ago ended in a draw. This is the longest-running chess fixture in the world, dating originally from 1873, when such luminaries as Howard Staunton and Wilhelm Steinitz were in attendance. Cambridge now lead by 58 wins to 53 with 21 drawn matches. This week’s game is a fine win by Oxford.   Weaving-Chiu: Varsity Match, London 2014; Sicilian Defence   1 e4 c5 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 d6 4 d4 cxd4 5 Nxd4 Nf6. After various transpositions we have reached a standard position from the Scheveningen Variation of the Sicilian Defence, one popularised by Kasparov in his world title matches against Karpov. 6 Be3 a6 7 Qd2 b5 8 f3 Bb7. The scene is set.

It is a little known fact that Emanuel Lasker, the German world chess champion, who reigned from 1894 to 1921, was keen for Germany to enter the first world war. This seems at odds with his internationalism (he spent a long time in Britain, and represented England, rather than Germany, in the great Hastings tournament of 1895).   Lasker’s immediate response to the outbreak of hostilities was to pen a series of distinctly pro-war articles in the autumn of 1914. In one article, which appeared on 13 September, he stated that ‘the goal of occupation and administration of France by Germans is as sure as mate by rook and king against king’. This is very much a beginners’ checkmate since it is so simple — thus more insulting to the French than to England.

On Saturday 8 March the 132nd Varsity match between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge will see Oxford seeking to reduce its historic deficit in a match which can claim to be the world’s longest-running chess fixture. Scores stand as follows: Cambridge lead by 58 wins to 53 with 20 drawn matches. This year’s contest is jointly sponsored by Henry Mutkin, the doyen of the RAC Chess Circle and the Royal Automobile Club itself.   This week’s game is one of my own experiences from an earlier Varsity contest against a player who went on to win the British Championship on two occasions.

This week I pay tribute to the chess grandmasters from Ukraine, led by Vassily Ivanchuk, many times a candidate for the world championship. Ukraine occupies an honourable place in the history of chess, for example winning the gold medals in the chess Olympiad of 2010, held in one of the World Chess Federation’s favourite venues, Khanty-Mansisk in Siberia. Ivanchuk played an interesting role in last year’s world championship qualifier in London. Blessed with extraordinary creativity, yet almost equally erratic, Ivanchuk seemed headed for a disaster, based on his ability to lose on time in promising positions.

Three important tournaments concluded this month, for two of which (Gibraltar and Bunratty) I attended the awards ceremonies. I have already given the results of Zurich. The most impressive game, the concluding phase of which provided last week’s puzzle, was Magnus Carlsen’s victory against Fabiano Caruana. We join the game just before Carlsen sacrifices rook for bishop to cause a fatal breach in the black defences.

George Osborne is a supporter of chess. During the award ceremony at 11 Downing St for last year’s London Candidates’ tournament, he told me that as a teenager he attended the Kasparov v. Karpov world championship at London’s Park Lane Hotel in 1986, which I assisted in organising. Appropriately, the Tory party chairman Sir Jeremy Hanley had persuaded Margaret Thatcher to open the championship. ‘Why on earth should I want to open a chess match?’ she asked. ‘Because,’ Sir Jeremy replied, ‘they are crazy about chess in the USSR and you will be on the front pages of all their papers the day after.’ ‘So how can I resist?’ came the prime ministerial reply.   Magnus Carlsen, Viswanathan Anand and others v.

Daniel Johnson, the distinguished editor of Standpoint magazine, can be bracketed with Tim Congdon and Dominic Lawson, as having had the potential to become a chess master. All three chose other courses in economics, journalism and politics. Daniel, in particular, has faced world-class opposition in simultaneous displays, having drawn with Garry Kasparov and defeated the Czech grandmaster Ludek Pachman.   The game I have chosen to illustrate his chessboard skill was played in a curious match between Academics and Philistines, where Daniel demolished Steve Davis, the six-time winner of the snooker world championship.

In Virgil’s Aeneid the hero Aeneas escapes from Hades via one of two gates, one made of ivory and the other of horn. It is widely believed that he selected the wrong gate. As Homer had already established, the gate of ivory, which Aeneas chose, portends false visions, while the gate of horn heralds true prognostications. Last week Bill Gates flew into London to contest a game against the new world champion Magnus Carlsen. Although the game only lasted nine moves, Bill certainly chose the wrong gate to exit the game.   Gates-Carlsen: London 2014; Nimzowitsch Defence   1 e4 Nc6 2 Nf3 Nf6 3 Bd3 d5 4 exd5 Qxd5 5 Nc3 Qh5 6 0-0 Bg4 7 h3 Ne5 This sacrifice is not sound. Instead 7 ... Bxf3 8 Qxf3 Qxf3 9 gxf3 0-0-0 gives Black a great advantage in pawn structure.

As promised, this week a victory by chess aficionado Dominic Lawson, former editor of The Spectator. Dominic’s distinguished opponent was Peter Lee, who has been British champion in both chess and bridge — a unique achievement I believe. The following is a fine Nimzowitschian game, not least in the amazing versatility of the Black knights. Notes based on those supplied by the winner.   Lee-Lawson: Hamilton-Russell Cup, London 2010; Modern Defence   1 e4 d6 2 d4 g6 3 Nc3 Bg7 4 Be3 a6 5 Qd2 Nd7 6 0-0-0 b5 7 h4 h5 8 Nh3 Bb7 9 Ng5 Rc8 10 f3 c5 11 dxc5 Nxc5 12 Bd4 Nf6 13 Qe3 Qc7 14 e5 Against this, Black has prepared an ambush. 14 ... dxe5 15 Bxe5?   15 ... Ng4! 16 Bxc7 16 fxg4 Bxe5 much better for Black. 16 ... Nxe3 17 Re1 Nxf1 18 Bd6 0-0 19 Rxe7 Bf6 20 Rxb7?

Towards the end of last year, those two old warhorses Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman added to their total of over 100 competitive games against each other by contesting a four-game match in Groningen, Holland. Both aged 62, the players displayed resilience and ingenuity which contribute to the annals of age-related achievements in serious international competitive chess. After draws in the first three games, Karpov broke through to take game four and overall match victory by 2½–1½.   Karpov-Timman: Groningen Match 2013; Queen’s Indian Defence   1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 Ba6 5 b3 This variation was popular in the World Championship matches between Karpov and Kasparov.

Daniel Johnson, Dominic Lawson and Tim Congdon all had the potential to become chess masters. However, all three chose alternative routes, establishing their reputations in the fields of journalism, politics and economics. Daniel once held Kasparov to a draw in a simultaneous display and was instrumental in staging Nigel Short’s challenge to Kasparov in 1993. Dominic was a key player in rescuing Kasparov’s appearance in the 1983 world championship cycle and continues to compete in league and county chess. Meanwhile, Professor Tim Congdon is active in internet chess and can include a victory in the southern counties junior championship among his laurels. This week, some extracts by Tim while in future columns I hope to show Daniel and Dominic in action too.

Viswanathan Anand, the 15th world champion, suffered a complete meltdown in his title defence against Magnus Carlsen towards the end of last year. Anand was an impressive match player, defending the title successfully against challenges from Kramnik, Topalov and Gelfand. He was also world champion for around six years. In his latter period as champion, though, his tournament results were largely unconvincing. How does Anand figure in the pantheon of champions?   I would say that as champion he is more or less on a par with Capablanca, Petrosian and Kramnik. His record as champion was superior to that of Euwe, Tal, Smyslov and Spassky and way ahead of Bobby Fischer, who played no games at all as champion and even defaulted in what was meant to be his first title defence.

This year’s London Classic tournament is still in progress and features Vladimir Kramnik, Viswanathan Anand, reigning British champion Gawain Jones, Nigel Short and Michael Adams. As a continuing tribute to classic positions, played in London events, I give this week a number of spectacular conclusions to games played in the capital. After many years of a Soviet boycott against the defector Viktor Korchnoi, the reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov finally faced him at the Phillips and Drew/GLC tournament in London 1984. With Korchnoi in his habitual time trouble, Karpov finished with a flourish.

This year’s London Classic tournament, organised by the indefatigable Malcolm Pein, who also heads up the charity Chess in Schools and Communities, is composed of several sections. The main group is graced by the presence of numerous elite international and British grandmasters, notably Viswanathan Anand, fresh from his title defence against Magnus Carlsen. All the action can be followed on www.londonchessclassic.com.   This week I pay tribute to historical chess events in the capital, starting with a victory from the London tournament of 1851, the first ever major international chess tournament, by the celebrated historian Henry Buckle.

Magnus Carlsen has become the 16th world chess champion, taking the title with three wins, seven draws and no losses, the most convincing win in a title match since Capablanca defeated Lasker in 1921. Norway’s Prime Minister, Erna Solberg, congratulated the new champion on live TV, Scandinavian Airlines decorated a plane in chessboard livery in Carlsen’s honour, while Norway in general erupted in wild jubilation. I left the match last week before games seven and eight, which resulted in steady draws, then in game 9, on the precipice of defeat, Anand went for the jugular.   Anand-Carlsen; Chennai (Game 9) 2013   (diagram 1) In the above position, with chances on a knife edge, Anand risked all with 27 Rf4. After 27 ...

As predicted last week, the samurai standoff between Anand and Carlsen was swiftly shattered. After quiet draws in games one and two, Anand missed a golden opportunity in game three, while Carlsen returned the compliment in game four. Then Carlsen struck, cutting Anand down in two consecutive endgames which the young Norwegian handled with awesome clinical precision.   Carlsen-Anand: World Championship (Game 3), Chennai 2013   Here Anand continued 29 ... Bd4 30 Re2 c4 31 Nxe6+ fxe6 32 Be4 cxd3 33 Rd2 Qb4 34 Rad1 Bxb2 35 Qf3 Bf6 36 Rxd3 Rxd3 37 Rxd3 and the game was soon drawn. If Anand wanted to play to win he had to try 29 ... Bxb2 30 Rae1 Rb6 31 Bd5 and now 31 ... Bd4 when it is not clear how White can continue in order to justify the pawn deficit.

In Kurosawa’s samurai warrior classic Sanjuro, the hero, a wandering Ronin played by Toshiro Mifune, ends the film in a face-off with his mortal enemy Hanbei Muroto. For a long moment the two martial swordsmen face each other in total immobility. Then, in a flash, a movement known by Samurai as Debana-Waza, Mifune slices his opponent in two, creating a violent fountain of blood.   There is an analogy to be made with the world chess championship, currently in progress in Chennai. After two quiet draws, the players are in a Debana-Waza state of immobile preparation, while awaiting the sudden stroke that will break the deadlock and propel one of the two into the lead.