Ralph Outhwaite

You will be forgiven for not having heard of, let alone given much thought to, a raw material called gallium. So, to explain: it’s a by-product of the bauxite-to-aluminium smelting process, it’s used in semiconductors and it is vital for the latest missile defence and radar technologies. Israel’s Iron Dome and the US Patriot Missile system rely on materials such as gallium to guard the skies against Iranian drones and Russian cruise missiles. The only problem is that 98 per cent of the world’s gallium comes from China.  ‘Mineral diplomacy’ can now be added to the long list of ‘diplomacies’ governing relations between China and the West. (See ‘vaccine diplomacy’, ‘climate diplomacy’ etc.

As if the French hadn’t enough on their plates, with turbulent elections and an underwhelming Euros performance, they’ve now had to contend with the prospect of terrorism blighting the Olympic Games. At least one major terror plot has been foiled by the French authorities, and pro-Islamic State channels are issuing threats to stadiums and fans. The main concern comes from the Afghanistan-based ‘Islamic State of the Khorasan Region’ (IS-K), and for good reason too. Back in March 2023, US Army General Michael Kurilla warned Congress that IS-K could launch an attack against European targets with ‘little to no warning’. A year later, the group took responsibility for the attack on the Crocus City Hall in Moscow, which killed 130 people and left many more injured.