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Britain is gearing up for the age of the digital ID. While the government recently backtracked on plans to make digital ID mandatory for everyone working in the UK, the £1.8 billion scheme hasn’t gone away: planning is ongoing for a ‘voluntary’ programme to be rolled out by 2029, with a public consultation expected to take place this year. The government claims that ‘digital identity systems can offer efficiency, fraud reduction and privacy protection’. But critics have warned that they come with significant risks, including data breaches, surveillance, user profiling and function creep (where a ‘voluntary’ digital ID becomes compulsory in more scenarios than expected).

Identity theft is a serious and growing problem in the UK, with more than 118,000 cases reported in the first six months of this year alone. Last year, the National Fraud Database logged the highest number of fraud cases on record, and identity theft made up the single biggest category – due in part to AI driving more sophisticated and harder-to-spot schemes. The consequences of identity theft can be severe, including unauthorised accounts being opened, loans taken out or insurance claims made in your name. This can affect your financial affairs, hurt your credit score and even have legal repercussions.

Since the Online Safety Act came into force in the UK, there has been a surge in the popularity of VPNs, or virtual private networks. These offer a simple and legal way to browse the internet privately, safely and anonymously. But VPNs come with a host of surprising other advantages, too – from cheaper holidays and streaming to exclusive sports and games. VPNs work by disguising where the user is accessing the internet from – allowing UK-only restrictions to be bypassed. You install the VPN, connect it to your choice of servers outside the UK, and then head to whatever website you want to visit. This means no demands for your ID documents in the age of the Online Safety Act – but it also means you can unlock a whole world of unexpected benefits and deals.

Browsing the internet just got a lot more complicated. On 25 July, the Online Safety Act came into force across the UK, requiring a range of websites to verify the age of their visitors. To do this, users are being asked to hand over valuable personal data – such as ID documents, credit card details and selfies. With the ever-present threat of data leaks and breaches, many are nervous about surrendering this kind of information without knowing who might see it or how securely it will be stored. There are questions over how firms will handle information about individuals’ private browsing habits, and how they will keep it safe from hackers or hostile agents.