Europe’s right turn is inevitable
The French Revolution remade not only France but Europe, some 230-odd years ago. Even Napoleon’s final defeat at Waterloo was not really the end of what the rebellious Estates General had set in motion in 1789. The Revolution proved that an ancien régime could be overthrown and, once that was demonstrated, no king anywhere could feel completely safe. The Revolution continued as an ideological struggle long after the shooting ceased. Indeed, the world wars of the 20th century were arguably a late phase of the processes begun by the Revolution. Now France faces a different kind of revolution: the prospect that Marine Le Pen will win next year’s presidential contest. Le Pen is considered absolutely haram by liberals everywhere, not only in her own country but throughout Europe.